Several existing electricity transmission and distribution grids urgently need: i) capacity upgrades due to rising demand for power, and ii) a substantial reduction in system losses, by replacing existing old and inefficient equipment with high-efficient transformers, substations and cables. In grid expansion projects, it is essential to plan for sufficient future capacity to minimize the number of upgrades, particularly in countries where land acquisition is a challenge. With the rising number of droughts and floods, there is also a need to ensure that all projects are climate resilient by adopting best available technologies. What are the latest technologies available and why should governments consider investment compared to standard technologies? How are countries involving the private sector in the upgrade and expansion of electricity transmission and distribution grids, including new transmission lines to renewable energy zones? The key theme of this session will be upgrading existing transmission and distribution systems to improve efficiency, reliability, and capacity, as well as strategies for expanding the grid to reach new areas or accommodate growing demand. Presentations will include a broad overview on ADB support for projects to upgrade and expand transmission and distribution networks in South Asia and other regions; work by the US National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and its partners to identify and apply appropriate technology and grid modernization solutions, including energy management system upgrades, forecasting frameworks for variable renewable energy (VRE), grid flexibility improvements, and staff training; innovative technologies from Nuventura that serve as a sustainable alternatives to sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), the world’s strongest greenhouse gas; support from the Southeast Asia Energy Transition Partnership's (ETP) for upgrading the Java-Madura-Bali Control Center, which facilitates the seamless integration of renewable energy sources; case studies from the Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) highlighting approaches for upgrading transmission lines and improving their efficiency; work by the Nepal Electricity Authority to enhance power reliability through transmission line upgrades; and the journey of India’s Tripura State Electricity Corporation Limited (TSECL) to keep up with ongoing technological developments in power transmission and distribution and ensure grid stability. Participants in this session will gain a strong understanding of the latest advances driving progress in electricity transmission and distribution grids.